METHODOLOGY

The number is only the beginning.

Object Carbon is designed so someone can inspect how a result was formed, what supports it, and where uncertainty remains.

01Boundaries and reporting periods+

Every result identifies the object, covered activity, period, included emission sources, and exclusions.

02Activity data and evidence+

Direct connections and independently verified records carry more confidence than user-supplied data or modeled estimates.

03Electricity: location-based view+

Grid-average or time-and-location-specific emission factors estimate emissions associated with physical electricity supply.

04Electricity: market-based view+

Qualifying supplier products and contractual instruments are assessed separately, with ownership, geography, vintage, and retirement evidence.

05Solar, exports, and batteries+

Generation, onsite use, exports, imports, and battery flows are separated. Renewable claims depend on retained or retired attributes.

06Vehicles+

VIN-derived specifications, odometer activity, fuel type, efficiency assumptions, and uncertainty produce a bounded estimate.

07Flights+

Route, cabin, travelers, distance, and non-CO₂ methodology are disclosed with uncertainty rather than hidden behind a single number.

08Credits and retirements+

Carbon credits are kept distinct from renewable-energy certificates. Allocation links a retirement to an object and period without converting it into a consumption reduction.

09Uncertainty and corrections+

Every methodology is versioned. Material corrections update the public record and preserve the earlier audit history.

PRIMARY REFERENCES

GHG Protocol Scope 2 Guidance ↗EPA Solar Power Use Claims ↗Green Button Connect My Data ↗Social Norms and Energy Conservation ↗